Illinois Natural History Survey August 2003 vector digital data INHS GIS database glo_42 withheld glo_py6 In Illinois, the surveys began in 1804 and were largely completed by 1843. The surveyors moved across the state laying out a rectangular grid system, known as the Public Land Survey System (PLS or PLSS). They were required to keep field notebooks where they noted details about their survey (such as which kind of tree was 'blazed' or marked at the section corners), as well as notes about the quality of the landscape, mines, salt licks, watercourses, springs, mill seats and other 'remarkable and permanent things'. Once a township was finished, the surveyors were to make a map of the area. These surveys represent one of the earliest detailed maps for Illinois. They predate our county land ownership maps and atlases. These plat maps and field notebooks contain a wealth of information about what the landscape was like before the flood of settlers came into the state. Most of the over 1,700 townships in Illinois have at least one version of the original surveyor's map. Additional redrafted versions are also available for all townships. The redrafted versions were created in the 1850's at the regional GLO office in St. Louis, Missouri. Cartographers used the original maps in consultation with the field notebooks to create a more complete map of the township. It is these plat maps that the Illinois Natural History Survey used to create our Early 1800's land cover Land Cover map. The original GLO maps and field notes are housed in the Illinois State Archives in Springfield. Microfilm copies of the maps were made in the 1960's and distributed to several state university libraries and research centers across Illinois. We borrowed the set of microfilm housed in the Illinois State Geological Survey library. Each GLO map was scanned from the microfilm onto a laptop computer. We used Adobe Photoshop software and a Canon MS400 microfilm scanner to capture the images saving them as tiff files. The images were georectified, or spatially-referenced (using ERDAS Imagine software) against USGS Geological Survey Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) images (scanned USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps) by matching the township and section corners on GLO images to the corresponding points on the DRG. This process allowed us to digitized or 'trace' the line work on the plat map using Geographic Information System (GIS) software (ESRI Arc/Info). Forty two different land cover categories and features from the plat maps were digitized. All land cover categories and feature names were the ones used by the surveyors or cartographers. The names of some features seemed to varied by area of the state (probably by surveyor) and were combined. These included bluff/sand bluff, barrens/open barrens, bottoms/bottom land, field/enclosure, hills/sandy hills, high ridge/sandy ridge, island/sandy island, mound/high mound, river/wide river, ravine/gully,valley/hollow, sandy prairie/sandy ground, timber/forest/grove/wooded. Towns and roads or trails were not digitized. The scanned, georectified images of each township are now a permanent archive of the GLO maps. This will allow users to view the original plat maps. The separate digitized version of the plat maps is a statewide GIS coverage, which can be used on its own or as a layer in GIS analysis. Five revisions of the data have been released. One correction was in the NW corner of present day Peoria County. The scanned township on the microfilm was mislabeled. The correct township was obtained and data was corrected. A second error was discovered in present day Adams county. A prairie area was mis-digitized and incorrectly labeled as forest. The missing lines were added and the labels were corrected. The third error set of errors included Massac and Lawrence counties. In Massac county, a pond was mis-labeled as a prairie. The label was corrected. In Lawrence county, along the Wabash river, stray lines were removed and ridge lines were added in the forest area. The forth-fifth set of errors included JoDaviess, Carroll and Stephenson counties. In JoDaviess county, a forest area was mis-labeled as prairie. The label was corrected. In Carrol county, a line between forest and prairie was missing. This line was added and incorrect lines were deleted. A prairie label was added to the resulting polygon. An adjacent forest larea was mis-labeled as prairie. This was corrected. In Stephenson county, several lines were removed. One line was added and several labels mis-identified as prairie were corrected to forest. The sixth set of corrections were made in Lake county. A color version of the plat maps were obtained and georeferenced, providing a clearer view of lines and labels. The primary changes were to ponds, streams, wetlands and bottomlands which were added or modified. This two-year effort was partially funded by Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Realty and Environmental Planning. The purpose of this map is to provide a georeferenced characterization of vegetation in the early stages of Euro-American settlement. One of the research uses for the surveys nationally is for presettlement vegetation. This data can be used to analyze presettlement vegetation patterns for the purpose of determining natural community potential, productivity indexes, and patterns of natural disturbance. The area of the original plat maps were townships; use of the data at a larger scale would not be appropriate. In the original land surveying effort, surveyors divided the landscape into townships, ranges, and sections. As surveyors walked the transects and marked the township and section intersections (noting the nearest tree species and marking it as a bearing tree--some of which can still be found today), they noted the land features, such as physiography of the landscape and the vegetative cover. Land feature boundaries were not surveyed within sections, however, surveyors and cartographers drew in boundaries on the plat maps. Therefore, the boundaries within the sections are less precise than those on or near section lines. More detailed land feature information can be obtained by referring to the field notes. Although not originally constructed for this purpose, the methodology of the survey results in a reliable vegetative sampling database. en 1804 1843 Data were captured from the newer version of the Government Land Office Maps. Complete As needed -91.675280 -87.483350 42.564692 36.911398 115631.265625 456986.968750 4093743.000000 4712609.500000 none presettlement vegetation illinois original land cover historic land cover Illinois, USA Early 1800s Presettlement Data are unrestricted with regards to access. Use of the data are contrained only by the DNR GIS Data License Agreement. Reproduction or redistribution of copyrighted digital data sets or products derived therefrom outside of licensee's organization or entity is expressly forbidden. The only exception is redistribution to consultants working for the licensee, and then only for purposes, related to work for the licensee. Such consultants may not further reproduce or redistribute these data sets. None of these data shall be electronically duplicated on magnetic or optical media for use by others, in whole or in part, without permission of the appropriate custodial division within DNR. Any hardcopies utilizing DNR data sets shall clearly indicate their source. If the licensee has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed on the hardcopy map. Licensee specifically agrees not to misrepresent DNR data sets, nor to imply that changes they made were approved by DNR. These data are not to be used for commercial profit. Illinois Natural History Survey Diane Szafoni Assoc. Research Scientist mailing address

607 E. Peabody

Champaign IL 61820 USA 217 244-2160 217 265-0374 szafoni@uiuc.edu 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Illinois Natural History Survey ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.5.1450 Illinois Natural History Survey August 2002 vector digital data INHS GIS database ArcInfo Coverage Original (GLO) classification accuracy was not measured quantitatively, and varied significantly between surveyors. Data are topologicially correct using ARC/INFO 8.2. All polygons are closed and lines intersect where intended. These data have been checked against the original GLO maps by at least two people, then edited. Original (GLO) classification accuracy was not measured quantitatively, and varied significantly between surveyors. Existing polygons reflect interpretation of original GLO maps, which were based on incomplete information. No quantitative accuracy measurements are available. This data cannot be considered accurate or definitive. Not applicable. The Illinois State Archives Illinois State Library, Map Department The original government surveys of Illinois, the field notes, and the federal land record tract books. Two inches to the mile. microfilm The original GLO maps and field notes are housed in the Illinois State Archives in Springfield. Microfilm copies of the maps were made in the 1960's and distributed to several state university libraries and research centers across Illinois. We borrowed the set of microfilm housed in the Illinois State Geological Survey library. Each of the over 1,700 townships in Illinois have at least one version of the original surveyor's map. Additional redrafted versions are also available for most townships. The redrafted versions were created in the 1850's at the regional GLO office in St. Louis, Missouri. Cartographers used the original maps in consultation with the field notebooks to create a more complete map of the township. We used these redrafted GLO maps for our Early 1800's land cover Land Cover map. Each GLO map was scanned from the microfilm onto a laptop computer. We used Adobe Photoshop software and a Canon MS400 microfilm scanner to capture the images saving them as tiff files. The images were georectified, or spatially-referenced against USGS Geological Survey Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) images (scanned USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps) by matching the township and section corners on GLO images to the corresponding points on the DRG. This process allowed us to digitized or 'trace' the line work on the plat map using Geographic Information System (GIS) software (ESRI Arc/Info). All labels are as shown on the plat map. Some categories were grouped, but all category names are given. Four revisions of the data have been released. One correction was in the NW corner of present day Peoria County. The scanned township on the microfilm was mislabeled. The correct township was obtained and data was corrected. A second error was discovered in present day Adams county. A prairie area was mis-digitized and incorrectly labeled as forest. The missing lines were added and the labels were corrected. The third error set of errors included Massac and Lawrence counties. In Massac county, a pond was mis-labeled as a prairie. The label was corrected. In Lawrence county, along the Wabash river, stray lines were removed and ridge lines were added in the forest area. The forth set of errors included JoDaviess, Carroll and Stephenson counties. In JoDaviess county, a forest area was mis-labeled as prairie. The label was corrected. In Carrol county, a line between forest and prairie was missing. This line was added and incorrect lines were deleted. A prairie label was added to the resulting polygon. An adjacent forest larea was mis-labeled as prairie. This was corrected. In Stephenson county, several lines were removed. One line was added and several labels mis-identified as prairie were corrected to forest. The sixth set of corrections were made in Lake county. A color version of the plat maps were obtained and georeferenced, providing a clearer view of lines and labels. The primary changes were to ponds, streams, wetlands and bottomlands which were added or modified. withheld Jan. 31, 2001 to July 10, 2002 Illinois Natural History Survey Diane Szafoni Assoc. Research Scientist mailing address

607 E. Peabody Dr.

Champaign IL 61820 USA 217 244-2160 217 265-0374 szafoni@uiuc.edu 8:00 - 5:00, Monday - Friday Dataset copied. withheld Dataset moved. withheld Dataset copied. withheld Dataset copied. withheld Metadata imported. withheld Dataset moved. withheld Metadata imported. withheld Metadata imported. withheld Metadata imported. withheld Dataset moved. withheld Metadata imported. withheld N/A Vector Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE coordinate pair 0.000000 0.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 GCS_North_American_1983 NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_16N glo_py6.pat Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Shape Geometry 0 0 0 AREA Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. 4 12 Single AREA 0 0 PERIMETER Perimeter of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. 4 12 Single PERIMETER 0 0 GLO_PY6_ GLO_PY6_ Integer 4 0 0 GLO_PY6_ID GLO_PY6_ID Integer 4 0 0 LAND_CODE Land Cover label from GLO map. Webster's New World Dictionary, Victoria Neufeldt & Andrew N. Sparks, Editors, 1990, Warner Books, New York, NY. ba bayou A sluggish and stagnant stream that follows a winding course through alluvial lowlands, swamps, or river deltas. bl bluff, sand bluff A high bank or bold headland, presenting a precipitous front; a steep cliff. bp brushy prairie br barrens, open barrens A mixture of trees & grass, probably edge between timber & prairie. bt bottoms, bottom land A lowland, usually highly fertile, along a stream; an alluvial plain. cl cliffs A high, steep, or overhanging rock face. dg dry ground fa farm A piece of land with houses, barns, etc., on which crops or animals are raised. fi field, enclosure A piece of cleared land for crops of pasture. ft fallen timber An area of downed timber, thought to be from diseases or insect infestations, high winds or tornado. gl glade An open space in a forest. hi hills, sand hill A natural raised part of the earth's surface, smaller than a mountain. hr high ridge, sandy ridge A long, narrow elevation of land. in indian trace Indian "improvements", such as villages, fortifications, mounds, clearings. is island/sandy island A land mass completely surrounded by water. la lake A large inland body of usually fresh water. le ledge A projecting ridge of rocks. li licks A deposit of exposed natural salt that passing animals lick. ll low land A low and relatively level ground. ma marsh A tract of low, poorly drained, soft land, permanently or semi-permanently water-covered, having aquatic and grass-like vegetation. mo mound, high mound A low rounded natural hill, generally of earth, a knoll. or orchard Land for growing fruit trees. pa pasture Ground with grass, etc. used as food by grazing animals. po pond A still body of water smaller than a lake. pl plantation An estate, cultivated by workers living on it. pr prairie A large area of level or rolling grassland, generally treeless. rg rough Rugged overgrown ground. ri river, wide river A natural stream of water. rl rolling land ro rocky rv ravine, gully, valley, hollow A low tract of land surrounded by hills, a small sheltered valley or basin, usually carved by running water, esp. in a rugged area. sa swale A slight depression, sometimes swampy, in the midst of generally level land. sd sandy prairie, sandy ground A large area of level or rolling grassland on sandy ground, generally treeless. sk sinkhole A natural, circular depression in a land surface allowing subterranean passage. sl slough A place full of soft, muddy waterlogged ground; a marsh or shallow undrained depression. sp spring A flow of water from the ground. ss slash Wet or swampy ground overgrown with brushes and trees. sw swamp A wet, spongy area, permanently or semi-permanently covered with water, having shrubs and trees. th thicket A thick growth of shrubs or small trees. ti timber, forest, grove, wooded A thick growth of trees, etc. covering a large tract of land. wl wet land Swamps or marshes. wp wet prairie A large area of level or rolling grassland, generally treeless, occuring on wet ground. 2 2 String LAND_CODE 0 0 MAP Item used to dissolve coverage into 12 categories for mapping. Webster's New World Dictionary, Victoria Neufeldt & Andrew N. Sparks, Editors, 1990, Warner Books, New York, NY. Barrens Barrens, Open barrens A mixture of trees & grass, probably edge between timber & prairie. Bottomland bottoms, bottom land A lowland with timber, usually highly fertile, along a stream; an alluvial plain. Cultural Farm, field, enclosure, indian trace, orchard, pasture, plantation A piece of land with houses, barns, etc., on which crops or animals are raised or grazed . Forest timber, forest, grove, thicket, fallen timber A thick growth of trees, etc. covering a large tract of land. Marsh A tract of low, poorly drained, soft land, permanently or semi-permanently water-covered, having aquatic and grass-like vegetation. Other Wetland Bayou, slash, swale Prairie A large area of level or rolling grassland, generally treeless. Slough A place full of soft, muddy waterlogged ground; a marsh or shallow undrained depression. Swamp A wet, spongy area, permanently or semi-permanently covered with water, having shrubs and trees. Topographic, geographic Bluff, sand bluff, clifts, dry ground, glade, hills, sandy hill, mound, high mound, high ridge, sandy ridge, island, sandy island, ledge, licks, rough, rolling land, rocky, ravine, gully, valley, hollow, sandy ground, sinkhole Water lake, low land, pond, river, wide river, spring. Wet Prairie A large, wet area of level or rolling grassland, generally treeless. 20 20 String MAP 0 0 CASE 4 5 Integer CASE 0 0 DIS 2 2 SmallInteger DIS 0 0 ACRES 4 9 Integer ACRES 0 0 Shape_Length Shape_Length Double 8 0 0 Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Shape_Area Double 8 0 0 Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Features coded as listed on GLO plat map. Illinois Natural History Survey Database Administrator 217 244-2160 217 265-0374 szafoni@uiuc.edu 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday - Friday Downloadable Data ARCE ESRI Arc/Info export file no compression applied 28.404 28.402 20080403 Illinois Natural History Survey Diane Szafoni Assoc. Research Scientist mailing address

607 E. Peabody

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